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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

今年春运 “AI医生”看护这座跨海大桥******

　　◎本报记者 矫 阳

　　杏林公铁大桥是进出厦门岛的唯一跨海铁路通道。从远处眺望，大桥犹如一条巨龙卧于海面之上，连接岛屿与大陆。进出鹭岛的铁路客货运输，都要通过这座大桥。

　　桥梁安全维护是重中之重。“即便几毫米的测量误差，都会成为影响铁路安全的巨大隐患。”中国铁路南昌局集团有限公司厦门工务段桥隧检测小组桥梁工安少帅说。

　　2023年春运，这座跨海大桥的维护用上了“AI医生”。

　　立在海上的桥墩，时刻经受着海浪冲刷。“冲刷面过深会影响桥梁安全，必须按时测量河床断面变化，对比历年数据，保障运输安全。”作业时，安少帅与工友格外小心谨慎。

　　每天上午10时，安少帅和工友们都会穿好救生衣，带齐作业设备，登上船只，驶向杏林公铁大桥。

　　高速航行的船上，迎面吹来的海风直钻衣领，湿冷彻骨。

　　到达作业地点后，安少帅即刻将一艘如模型般的小船放入水中。“这是用来测绘河床断面的‘神器’——无人测绘船。”安少帅说。

　　以往，检测小组开展测绘，都是借助水深探测仪，人工探入水中进行断面测量。“铁路桥大多架于江海之上，受环境影响，测量不确定因素太多。”安少帅说，有时风大，上船后人都站不稳，更别提操作设备了。

　　2022年，厦门工务段开始运用无人技术进行桥隧维护。

　　通过卫星定位系统，按既定测线巡航，无人测绘船分别测量3条测线河床断面，并同步采集三维坐标，通过数据算法绘制河床断面图，实现“肌理脉络”一目了然。

　　有了直观图示，便能综合分析河床断面变化，制定精准的养护维修方案。

　　鹰厦铁路蜿蜒于崇山峻岭、河山峡谷之中，且坡度陡峭，山上浮石众多。除了对河床断面进行测量外，桥隧检测小组还要翻山越岭，排查山体护坡和水下桥墩的安全隐患。

　　在山体巡检中，“AI医生”再一次“大展身手”。

　　山脚下，一阵“嗡嗡”声响起，只见安少帅熟练操纵着无人机环绕飞行，悬停在病害山头。随着不断调整的摄像角度，通过三维视角，危岩等潜在隐患一目了然。

　　以往人力爬山巡查，检测小组队员每天只能翻两座山，不仅效率低，排查也不够全面。“现在仅半天就能全方位无死角地完成两座山的查危工作。”安少帅兴奋地说。

　　山体检查完成后，安少帅与工友又带上“新型蛙人”，马不停蹄地前往篁渡桥进行水下探测，重点对铁路桥墩裂痕、孔洞、基础掏空等病害进行细致检查。“水下机器人安全性高，既可以实现全天候持续作业，又避免了传统蛙人在恶劣环境下作业的高风险。”安少帅说。

　　春运期间，铁路运输任务繁重。

　　“有了‘AI医生’帮忙，工作更快捷，和家人团聚的机会也多了。”说起无人技术，安少帅十分喜悦。(科技日报)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）